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The wage gap between men and women

Professional many pesos

away several years that the public comments on the difference between wages of men and women, but the issue hits harder to find that the higher the education of women, most discriminated against are with their salaries.

The gap is repeated in both the public and private, where professionals are being left several thousand dollars behind that men who do the same work, even taking more advanced studies.

Just look at the statistics department presented study Labour Department, which notes that to 2003, who came third socioeconomic quintile earned the equivalent of 80% of the income of men with the same performance, while the fifth quintile obtained only 66% of what they earned their peers.

The weight of tradition is the main reason for this difference in the view of team Labor Practices Sernam . Tatiana Hernandez, a sociologist at the program, explains that even in the XXI century is still associated with men as the breadwinner and the woman in a domestic role, picture hanging on the employer when deciding the salaries of each one.

The sociologist adds that, in fact, it is believed widespread that women tend to have careers just to meet personal aspirations, which could put aside to care for her family. What is a fact, that interrupt their professional career for motherhood, thereby subtracting years of experience, which tends to discourage employers to hire women in positions of responsibility.

President of the United Workers Central, CUT, Arturo Martínez, agrees that these are the main reasons for this form of discrimination. This is shown in the following audio file.



But Tatiana Hernandez says they are just myths underlying the wage gap, which is the fact that we tend to think that women are more expensive for companies, for possible medical leave maternal. Given this, the economist Iguala.cl program, the Sernam, stresses that the absenteeism of men tends to be equal to that of their peers, in terms of loss that could lead to the company, so this does not should be a reason not to hire the ladies.

However, the lack of incentives to protect motherhood is a factor in the time women decide to leave the world of work. The result is that only 35% of workers in Chile are women.

the world of work also shows less incentive to independent women. As shown, who married under the old system, under community property system, have less access to credit in case their husbands present debts. Likewise, the financial world has been traditionally managed by men, so women's income tends to look with suspicion, especially when it comes to former homeowners who have decided to go ahead with a microenterprise.

A reality that has not escaped the public service where jobs appear by grade protect the wage gap. However, according to the testimony of a member of the team Sernam, it so happens that a woman should assume the same responsibility as a man of EUS highest degree, without receiving more pay for that. This is attested in the following video.



In this scenario, the National Service for Women has addressed this issue with Iguala.cl program, through which invites companies to participate voluntarily in a program of good to fair labor practices gender. This is developed within the concept of "Decent Work " prepared by the International Labour Organization, ILO. With this program, hopes to install gender equality in the processes of recruitment and selection and such as career development and access to training. It is also expected that there is equal representation in positions of leadership.

In the same vein, http://www.iguala.cl/ page makes available to employers and workers the information needed to drive cultural change, in order to incorporate more women to work on an equal footing with their male colleagues.

These initiatives should see fruit in the coming years, in a country that despite the conservatism of steadily increasing numbers of women heads of household. As stated by Carolina Villarroel, economist Sernam the country continues to grow as far as not making the huge human resource which means this group of women has not been able to obtain employment appropriate to their qualifications.





the end, and everyone has the right to obtain decent and productive work is a right of all women receive a fair share of the wealth that has helped to create.

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Santiago Revisited

A story that sticks between the poplars of the Alameda invisible

always in a hurry, head down, walk the Santiago grayer than the pavement, thinking that we have no identity. But enough to raise some eyes, to discover that this corner at the foot of the mountain itself has a lot to tell.

Van more than four years since Pedro de Gamboa drew mason square spaces to the English style, until the troops of the Mapuche warrior Michimalonco ended the primitive construction of a single fire. But it had a long time to rebuild the ashes see this stubborn city, which since then has not only grown on all four sides and up, under a thick cloud of smog, and again after each earthquake.

Over time, the Plaza de Armas was no longer the center to form its story around the Glen, a bucolic stroll through poplars that people called Alameda. In the phone books of the 30 figure with the name of "Delicias". Because her first name was " Alameda de las Delicias", named at the time of Bernardo O'Higgins .

Legend has it that after the victory of Arturo Alessandri Palma in the 1920 presidential election, the holding in Alameda was so effervescent one another fan of the Lion of Tarapacá proposed putting his name to the avenue . The same legend says Alessandri then saw that it was too much honor for him and deserved only O'Higgins enter your name the main thoroughfare of the city. And so it was: the master plan calls Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, and so the signs say in every corner. But the collective memory is stubborn, and even today, that there is not a single poplar, we still call "the Alameda."

Since the late nineteenth century began to appear called "palaces", making this tour a stately avenue. French or English imitation mansions in the most diverse styles were born resident of the oligarchy of nitrate and carbon. However, after landslides caused by earthquakes, many of these mansions of marble floor has revealed his frame stick with adobe, hidden behind the finest plaster in an anecdotal contrast. Only after 30 years began to build strong structures, enabling them to stand up today.

The city at that time grew to the Equestrian Club down the street Blanco Encalada. Traces of this remain in the Republic Avenue, where one of the neighbors was precisely the acclaimed President Alessandri Palma. And by the Alameda, the palace is occupied by Errázuriz the Brazilian embassy, \u200b\u200bwhile the Ariztía by the offices of the Chamber of Deputies. The worshipful residents were migrating to Providence and then to Apoquindo, then field, but while its buildings were reorganized into all types of commercial stands, vulgarising its aesthetics, the Alameda continued giving meaning to the rest of the city.

So says the professor of history at the University of Santiago, Luis Ortega.

Several buildings have been declared historical heritage, while others, lucky enough to have been in the midst of neighborhoods named as typical area, expect the willingness of neighbors to keep. And is that the mechanism to keep them in good condition is a system of subsidies offered by the State through the Ministry of Housing, so that citizens are interested in purchasing any of the properties that are in the renovation project, in order to breathe life into beautiful homes that otherwise would be inhabited by ghosts.

Thus was about to happen with some in the center, which were tenements before the 40's. Others, is only the facade, as is the case of the residence of President Manuel Montt, Merced street before the church.

Anyway it is a heritage to be rescued from collapse and oblivion. So I thought the Chilean photographer Italo Arriaza , who came to the rescue of these beauties with his camera.



The Alameda was always the main artery capital's transport. Today where buses carrying the white and green Transantiago plan, once was full of shelves, small buses which version gave rise to the word "micro" (the microgóndolas). With the friction of the tires, some streets have come to show the tracks that hid the poor quality pavements. Others, such as street orphans, among Matucana and Freedom, held open pit road where he passed the recorrido4, going from the Central Station the Mapocho , and 21, who started from the Plaza de Armas . Most of the routes passing through the Alameda, connecting with Los Leones (once a founded), Grand Avenue (which once had vines), and Independence, where the route was going to Negrete allows passengers to line 36 to transfer without penalty.

A reminder of this transport system provides the historian Juan Ricardo Couyoumdjian , professor at the Catholic University of Chile.





ever new generations speak to their grandchildren of the yellow buses remembered from his youth. And is that while things disappear, will persist as long as someone remembers them.

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